Environmental friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel

ABSTRACT

The present invention discloses an environmental-friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel, with contents of its components as below according to part by weight: (1) light hydrocarbon: 100 parts by weight; (2) aromatic hydrocarbon: 4˜60 parts by weight; (3) lead free antiknock: 0˜20 parts by weight; (4) cation fluorocarbon surfactant: 0˜0.2 parts by weight; and (5) surface active increased superscript agent: 0.001˜2 parts by weight. The product of the present invention can increase auto-ignition temperature of the fuel, improve distillation range distribution of the fuel, increase burning velocity of the fuel, enhance power and reduce abrasion of an engine, avoid the formation of piston carbon, and lower consumption of the fuel. With a calorific value≧42000 KJ/kg, the environmental-friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel is an energy saving, environmental-friendly, and cost effective substitute for gasoline vehicle fuel.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an environmental-friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel, more particularly, relates to the environmental friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel with the main components being pentane and heavier hydrocarbons that is extracted from condensate of a petrochemical plant or of the natural gas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Since Aug. 1, 2006, the Chinese cites of Beijing and Shanghai have taken the lead in executing the Chinese national standard of vehicle pollutant emission (the National III Standard). A vehicle consuming gasoline has difficulty reaching the National III Standard because a high boiling component, with a wide distillation range, is inclined to produce CO and HC during combustion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an environmental-friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel, which overcomes the shortcomings of gasoline-consuming vehicles and the environmental pollution problems associated with gasoline-consuming vehicles.

The present invention is directed to an environmental-friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel, comprising in parts by weight:

light hydrocarbon: 100 parts by weight;

aromatic hydrocarbon: 4˜60 parts by weight;

lead free antiknock: 0˜20 parts by weight;

cation fluorocarbon surfactant: 0˜0.2 parts by weight; and

surface active increased superscript agent: 0.001˜2 parts by weight.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The light hydrocarbon according to the present invention is typically a fraction extracted from the condensate of a petrochemical plant or of natural gas, with the main components including without limitation, pentane and heavier hydrocarbons, wherein the Research Octane Number (RON) is in the range of 50˜80.

The aromatic hydrocarbon according to the present invention includes without limitation, toluene, xylene, or hybrid aromatic hydrocarbons for producing toluene.

The lead free antiknock according to the present invention includes without limitation, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), tert-butyl alcohol, isobutanol, and anhydrous methanol or anhydrous ethanol.

The cation fluorocarbon surfactant according to the present invention includes without limitation, a fluorinated alkyl amine salt or a quaternary ammonium salt cation fluorocarbon surfactant. Preferred cation fluorcarbon surfactants are selected from substances according to formulas (1), (2), or (3) or mixture thereof.

(1) quaternary ammonium salt-type cation fluorocarbon surfactant containing fluorinated alkyl amine.

(CF₃)₂CF(CF₂)₆CH₂CH(OH)CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻

(2) Perfluorinated alkyl amide quaternary ammonium salt-type cation fluorocarbon surfactant:

C₇F₁₅CONH(CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻

(3) Fluorinated alkyl amine salt type cation fluorocarbon surfactant:

[F(CF₂)₈CH(OH)CH₂]₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂.1/2H₂SO₄

The content of the cation fluorocarbon surfactant, is generally 0˜0.2 parts by weight, preferably 0˜0.1 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon.

The surface active increased superscript agent according to the present invention is obtained by mixing one of components {circle around (1)}˜{circle around (6)} with component {circle around (7)}, wherein the content ratio of one of components {circle around (1)}˜{circle around (6)} to component {circle around (7)} is in the range of 100:60˜80 parts by weight. The content of the surface active increased superscript agent is generally 0.001˜2 parts by weight, preferably 0.01˜0.2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon.

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (1)}

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂OP(O)(ONa)₂  {circle around (2)}

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (3)}

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(ONa)₂  {circle around (4)}

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (5)}

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(ONa)₂  {circle around (6)}

C₁₇H₃₅CONH(CH₂)₂NHCOC₁₇H₃₅  {circle around (7)}

The method of preparing the environmentally safe vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel according to the present invention is a physical mixing method, which is realized by mixing various raw materials.

With the surface active increased superscript agent, the environmental friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of the present invention, whose RON is typically 93 or higher, is suitable for a vehicle engine with various compression ratio, and becomes an environmental friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel.

The environmental friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel containing the surface active increased superscript agent can increase, without limitation, auto-ignition temperature of the fuel, improve distillation range distribution of the fuel, increase burning rate of the fuel, enhance power and reduce abrasion of an engine, avoid the formation of piston carbon, and lower consumption of the fuel, with a calorific value≧42000 kJ/kg, being a novel substitute vehicle fuel that is energy saving, environmental friendly, and cost effective.

The contents of the exhaust pollutants of the environmental friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel according to the present invention, are much lower than the P.R.C. GB18352.3-2005 National Standard requirement (Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles), based on test of contents of the exhaust pollutants CO, HC, and NO_(x).

TABLE 1 National standard Unit Experimental result requirement of P.R.C. CO g/km 1.209 ≦2.3 HC g/km 0.075 ≦0.20 NO_(x) g/km 0.046 ≦0.15

The surface active increased superscript agent can be substituted by the following components {circle around (8)}, {circle around (9)}, {circle around (10)}, or mixture thereof, in the environmental friendly vehicle light hydrocarbon fuel according to the present invention, so as to reduce the cost:

C₈F₁₇SO₂NHCH₂CH₃  {circle around (8)}

C₈F₁₇SO₃K  {circle around (9)}

C₈F₁₇SO₃N(C₂H₅)₄  {circle around (10)}

It is to be understood that the foregoing description of the invention and the following examples represent some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting to the scope of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention that are apparent to those of skill in the art are meant to be covered by the description of the invention and the appended claims.

EXPERIMENTAL Example 1

light hydrocarbon (RON of about 70): 100 parts by weight;

toluene: 30 parts by weight;

cation fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.006 parts by weight; and

surface active increased superscript agent: 0.05 parts by weight.

In example 1, the light hydrocarbon is a fraction extracted from condensate of a petrochemical plant or of natural gas, with the main components being pentane and heavier hydrocarbons.

In example 1, the cation fluorocarbon surfactant is quaternary ammonium salt-type cation fluorocarbon surfactant containing the fluorinated alkyl amine:

(CF₃)₂CF(CF₂)₆CH₂CH(OH)CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻

In example 1, the surface active increased superscript agent is as follows:

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (3)}

C₁₇H₃₅CONH(CH₂)₂NHCOC₁₇H₃₅  {circle around (7)}

In example 1, the weight ratio of the surface active increased superscript agent {circle around (3)} to the component {circle around (7)} is 10:6.

The product is then obtained by mixing the components (1), (2), (3) and (4), with RON of 93.

Example 2

Light hydrocarbon (RON of 70): 100 parts by weight;

xylene: 20 parts by weight;

MTBE: 10 parts by weight;

cation fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.006 parts by weight; and

surface active increased superscript agent: 0.09 parts by weight.

In example 2, the light hydrocarbon is a fraction extracted from condensate of a petrochemical plant or of the natural gas, with the main components being pentane and heavier hydrocarbons.

In example 2, the cation fluorocarbon surfactant is as below:

Perfluorinated alkyl amide quaternary ammonium salt-type cation fluorocarbon surfactant:

C₇F₁₅CONH(CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻

In example 2, the surface active increased superscript agent is as below:

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (1)}

C₁₇H₃₅CONH(CH₂)₂NHCOC₁₇H₃₅  {circle around (7)}

In example 2, the weight ratio of the surface active increased superscript agent {circle around (1)} to the component {circle around (7)} is 10:6.

The product is then obtained by mixing the components (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in example 2, with the RON being 93.

The exhaust pollutants of the product of the present embodiment, CO, HC and NO_(X), are tested by the test method of GB18352.3-2005, with the test results as below:

TABLE 2 National standard Unit Experimental result requirement of P.R. China CO g/km 1.209 ≦2.3 HC g/km 0.075 ≦0.20 NO_(x) g/km 0.046 ≦0.15

Example 3

Light hydrocarbon (RON of 70): 100 parts by weight;

toluene: 30 parts by weight; and

surface active increased superscript agent: 0.1 parts by weight.

In example 3, the light hydrocarbon is a fraction extracted from condensate of a petrochemical plant or of the natural gas, with the main components being pentane and heavier hydrocarbons.

In example 3, the surface active increased superscript agent is as below:

C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (3)}

C₁₇H₃₅CONH(CH₂)₂NHCOC₁₇H₃₅  {circle around (7)}

In example 3, the weight ratio of the surface active increased superscript agent {circle around (3)} to the component {circle around (7)} is 10:6.

The product is then obtained by mixing the components (1), (2) and (3), with RON of 93. 

1. An environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel comprising: (1) light hydrocarbon: 100 parts by weight; (2) aromatic hydrocarbon: 4-60 parts by weight; (3) lead free antiknock: 0-20 parts by weight; (4) cation fluorocarbon surfactant: 0-0.2 parts by weight; and (5) surface active increased superscript agent: 0.001-2 parts by weight.
 2. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein a main component of the light hydrocarbon is pentane or other heavy hydrocarbons extracted from condensate of a petrochemical plant or from natural gas.
 3. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, and hybrid aromatic hydrocarbons used to produce.
 4. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the lead free antiknock is selected from the group consisting of methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, tert-butyl alcohol, isobutanol, anhydrous methanol, and anhydrous ethanol.
 5. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the cation fluorocarbon surfactant is selected from a fluorinated alkyl amine salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, or mixtures thereof according to formulas (1), (2), (3): (1) quaternary ammonium salt containing fluorinated alkyl amine. (CF₃)₂CF(CF₂)₆CH₂CH(OH)CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻ (2) perfluorinated alkyl amide quaternary ammonium salt: C₇F₁₅CONH(CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻ (3) fluorinated alkyl amine salt: [F(CF₂)₈CH(OH)CH₂]₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂.1/2H₂SO₄
 6. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the surface active increased superscript agent is obtained by mixing one of components {circle around (1)}-{circle around (6)} with component {circle around (7)}: C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (1)} C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂OP(O)(ONa)₂  {circle around (2)} C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (3)} C₈F₁₇SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(ONa)₂  {circle around (4)} C₈F₁₇SO₂N(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OH)₂  {circle around (5)} C₈F₁₇SO₂N(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(ONa)₂  {circle around (6)} C₁₇H₃₅CONH(CH₂)₂NHCOC₁₇H₃₅  {circle around (7)}
 7. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 6, wherein 100 parts by weight of one of the components {circle around (1)}-{circle around (6)} is mixed with 60-80 parts by weight of component {circle around (7)}.
 8. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the cation fluorocarbon surfactant is present in a range of 0-0.1 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon.
 9. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the surface active increased superscript agent is present in a range of 0.01-0.2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon.
 10. The environmentally friendly light hydrocarbon fuel of claim 1, wherein the surface active increased superscript agent is selected from one of components {circle around (8)}, {circle around (9)}, and {circle around (10)}, or mixtures thereof: C₈F₁₇SO₂NHCH₂CH₃  {circle around (8)} C₈F₁₇SO₃K  {circle around (9)} C₈F₁₇SO₃N(C₂H₅)₄  {circle around (10)} 